Pathway analysis by randomization incorporating structure-PARIS: an update.

We present an update to the pathway enrichment analysis tool ‘Pathway Analysis by Randomization Incorporating Structure (PARIS)’ that determines aggregated association signals generated from genome-wide association study results. Pathway-based analyses highlight biological pathways associated with phenotypes. PARIS uses a unique permutation strategy to evaluate the genomic structure of interrogated pathways, through permutation testing of genomic features, thus eliminating many of the over-testing concerns arising with other pathway analysis approaches.